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The ammonium salt of hydrobromic acid, it crystallizes in odorless prisms or granules and sublimes on heating. It is soluble in water, but it becomes yellow on exposure to air because of the oxidation of traces of bromide (Br-) to bromine (Br2). It is a mild irritant and slightly irritating to eyes. It is not flammable and non-explosive. It is incompatible with acids, bromine trifluoride and bromine trichloride and most common metals. It is also incompatible with cyanide compounds. It is soluble in water and in alcohol. It is used in the preparation of photographic emulsions and developers, pharmaceutical preparations and as a wood preservative and as a flame-retardant additive. It is available in dry technical photograde, -4 mesh particle size; 35-55% solution grades and chemical pure, ACS grade.
A 22-day-old girl presented to the emergency department with a history of excessive sleepiness and decreased oral intake over the prior 48 hours. She had a negative anion gap and elevated serum chloride levels. She was prescribed a sedative-hypnotic. A subsequent review of her medical history revealed that she was frequently exposed to the Dominican Republic-based product, “bromuro de potasio,” which contains potassium bromide.
Potassium bromide is a central nervous system depressant with anticonvulsant properties. It also has some neuropsychiatric effects and is known to cause a syndrome called bromism. The syndrome may be recognized by a combination of mental dullness, slurred speech, weakened memory and apathy; anorexia; constipation; loss of sensitivity to touch and pain; drowsiness; restlessness; ocular disturbances, ataxia, delirium, stupor or coma. Bromides are not as commonly used as they once were for their sedative-hypnotic and anticonvulsant actions, but they still are available and can have toxic effects when ingested at high enough blood concentrations.
